Cervical Cancer - HPV Vaccination Cervical Cancer- HPV Vaccination The FDA has unanimously endorsed a new vaccine that could dramatically reduce the number of cervical cancer cases. The majority of cervical cancer incidences spring from mucosal lesions caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is often spread through sexual intercourse. The vaccine, which guards against HPV and many types of genital warts, will be most effective if injected during pre-puberty, before sexual activity begins. An estimated 290,000 women worldwide die every year from cervical cancer.